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PSL1 pipeline steel pipe is a high-frequency resistance welded (HFW) or seamless steel pipe manufactured according to API 5L standards, primarily used for transporting fluid media such as oil, natural gas, and water. "PSL1" stands for "Product Specification Level 1," which is the basic performance level for steel pipes in the API 5L standard.
Compared to PSL2, PSL1 has relatively relaxed controls on chemical composition, mechanical properties, non-destructive testing, and dimensional tolerances, making it suitable for long-distance pipelines under general operating conditions. This type of steel pipe is widely used in onshore and shallow-sea oil and gas gathering and transportation systems and is one of the mainstream products in the field of medium- and low-pressure fluid transportation.
API 5L PSL1 Pipeline Features
1. Material Composition and Mechanical Properties
PSL1 (Product Specification Level 1) is the basic level in the API 5L standard, with relatively relaxed requirements for chemical composition and mechanical properties. It is typically made of carbon steel or low-alloy steel, with a tensile strength of over 310 MPa and a yield strength of not less than 205 MPa, meeting general transportation needs.
2. Pressure Resistance and Corrosion Resistance
The spiral weld structure of API 5L PSL1 seamless and spiral steel pipes gives them good pressure resistance, making them suitable for transporting media such as water, oil, and natural gas. However, since PSL1 does not impose strict limitations on indicators such as carbon equivalent, it requires the use of an anti-corrosion coating in acidic or highly corrosive environments.
3. Dimensional Flexibility
API 5L PSL1 spiral steel pipes have a wide diameter range, with common specifications ranging from 219 mm to over 3000 mm, and the wall thickness can be adjusted according to requirements. This flexibility makes it more adaptable to long-distance pipeline projects.
API 5L PSL1 Line Pipe specification
| Product: | Line Pipe, API Line Pipe, Seamless Line Pipe, Carbon Steel Line Pipe |
| Application: | For Transportation in petroleum and natural gas industries |
| Size: | OD: 73-630mm |
| WT: 6-35mm | |
| LENGTH: 5.8/6/11.8/12m | |
| Pipe Standard: | API 5L PSL1/PSL2 Gr.A,Gr.B,X42,X46,X52,X56,X60,X65,X70 |
| API 5L PSL1/PSL2 L210,L245,L290,L320,L360,L390,L415,L450,L485 |
Chemical Composition for PSL 1 pipe with t ≤ 0.984"
| Steel Grade | Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses a,g | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | |
| max b | max b | max | max | max | max | max | |
| Seamless Pipe | |||||||
| A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.03 | 0.03 | – | – | – |
| B | 0.28 | 1.20 | 0.03 | 0.03 | c,d | c,d | d |
| X42 | 0.28 | 1.30 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| X46 | 0.28 | 1.40 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| X52 | 0.28 | 1.40 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| X56 | 0.28 | 1.40 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| X60 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| X65 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| X70 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| Welded Pipe | |||||||
| A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.03 | 0.03 | – | – | – |
| B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.03 | 0.03 | c,d | c,d | d |
| X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| X60 | 0.26 e | 1.40 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| X65 | 0.26 e | 1.45 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| X70 | 0.26e | 1.65 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| a. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni; ≤ 0.50%; Cr ≤ 0.50%; and Mo ≤ 0.15%, b. For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified maximum concentration for carbon, an increase of 0.05% above the specified maximum concentration for Mn is permissible, up to a maximum of 1.65% for grades ≥ L245 or B, but ≤ L360 or X52; up to a maximum of 1.75% for grades > L360 or X52, but < L485 or X70; and up to a maximum of 2.00% for grade L485 or X70., c. Unless otherwise agreed NB + V ≤ 0.06%, d. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%, e. Unless otherwise agreed., f. Unless otherwise agreed, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%, g. No deliberate addition of B is permitted and the residual B ≤ 0.001% |
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Mechanical properties
| Pipe Grade | Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL 1 | Seam of Welded Pipe | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength a | Tensile Strength a | Elongation | Tensile Strength b | |
| Rt0,5 PSI Min | Rm PSI Min | (in 2in Af % min) | Rm PSI Min | |
| A | 30,500 | 48,600 | c | 48,600 |
| B | 35,500 | 60,200 | c | 60,200 |
| X42 | 42,100 | 60,200 | c | 60,200 |
| X46 | 46,400 | 63,100 | c | 63,100 |
| X52 | 52,200 | 66,700 | c | 66,700 |
| X56 | 56,600 | 71,100 | c | 71,100 |
| X60 | 60,200 | 75,400 | c | 75,400 |
| X65 | 65,300 | 77,500 | c | 77,500 |
| X70 | 70,300 | 82,700 | c | 82,700 |
| a. For intermediate grade, the difference between the specified minimum tensile strength and the specified minimum yield for the pipe body shall be as given for the next higher grade. | ||||
| b. For the intermediate grades, the specified minimum tensile strength for the weld seam shall be the same as determined for the body using foot note a. | ||||
| c. The specified minimum elongation, Af, expressed in percent and rounded to the nearest percent, shall be determined using the following equation: | ||||
 |
||||
| Where C is 1 940 for calculation using Si units and 625 000 for calculation using USC units | ||||
| Axc is the applicable tensile test piece cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimeters (square inches) , as follows | ||||
| – For circular cross-section test pieces, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) for 12.7 mm (0.500 in) and 8.9 mm (.350 in) diameter test pieces; and 65 mm2 (0.10 in2) for 6.4 mm (0.250in) diameter test pieces. | ||||
| – For full-section test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified outside diameter and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2) | ||||
| – For strip test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified width of the test piece and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2) | ||||
| U is the specified minimum tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch) | ||||
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FAQ
What are the differences between API 5L PSL1 and PSL2?
- Inspection Requirements: PSL2 is stricter than PSL1 in terms of chemical composition, tensile properties, impact energy, and non-destructive testing. PSL1 does not require impact performance and non-destructive testing, while PSL2 requires full-scale 0°C impact energy testing for all grades except X80, and requires individual non-destructive testing for each piece.
- Product Specification Level: PSL2 has a higher product specification level than PSL1, meaning that PSL2 steel pipes have higher requirements in terms of quality grade, chemical composition, and mechanical properties.
- Applicable Scenarios: Due to the stricter requirements of PSL2, it is usually chosen in scenarios requiring higher performance, such as harsh environments or high-pressure work environments. In areas with less stringent performance requirements, PSL1 seamless steel pipes may be chosen.
When choosing between API 5L PSL1 and PSL2 seamless steel pipes, you need to consider the following factors:
- Project Requirements: First, you need to consider your project requirements. If your project requires exposure to high pressure, temperature, or corrosive environments, then PSL2 might be a better choice.
- Cost Considerations: Due to the more stringent requirements of PSL2, its production cost is generally higher than that of PSL1. When choosing, you need to consider cost factors while meeting project requirements.
- Supplier Capabilities: Different suppliers may have different production capabilities and technical levels. Therefore, when selecting steel pipes, you also need to consider the supplier's capabilities to ensure they can provide high-quality steel pipes according to your requirements.
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